Heller



2 sheetssheet 2. A. HBLLER..

(No Model'.)

AIR PUMP.

Patented Deo. 4, 1894.

INVENTOR pf Jyff 3% i Wmv SES.-

ATTORNEY lUNrTnD Srnrns- ArnNr j nrrcn.

ADOLF HELLER, OF BERLIN, GERMANY, ASSIGNOR TO SIEMENS &1 HALSKE,

OF SAME PLACE.

AIR-PUMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 530,106, dated December4, 1894. Y

Application filed January 25, 1893. Serial NoK 45 9,745 (No model.)

To aZZ whomv it may concern:

Be it known that I, ADoLn HELLER, a subject of the King of Saxony,residing at the city of Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia, German Empire, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Air-Pumps, of'which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to an air-pump designed to combine the advantagesof the mercury sealed pump and the ordinary piston or plunger pump.

The invention will rst be described, and then will be particularlydefined in claims hereinafter set forth.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part ofthis specification, and in which similar letters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure l, is a vertical central sectional view of an air-pu mp embodyingmy improvements, with the moving parts in positions they assume at theend of the upward or air exhausting stroke. Fig. 2, is a like sectionalview, but with the parts in reverse positions taken at the completion ofthe downward or air discharging stroke. Fig. 3, is a detail horizontal'sectional view, taken on the line or, in Fig. 2. Fig. 4, is a detail'horizontal section taken on the line y, y, in Fig. 2. Figs. 5 and 6,are-central vertical sectional views of a modified form of the pump,with movi ing parts in two extremes of position. Figs.

7 and 8, are central vertical sectional views of another modification.Fig. 9, is a detail horizontal section, taken on the line a', z, in Fig.8, and Fig. 10, is a detail vertical sectional view showingmodifications of the piston valve and the exhaust tube orpipe fittedtherein.

Referring first to Figs. 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the drawings, it will be seenthat the pump barrel or cylinder A, has communication by a lateralpassage a, with a side suction pipe or tube B, of smaller area and-whichcommunicates with the interior of a receiver C, shown at the top of thetube. Substantially similar communication may be made with any vessel orvessels, such for instance as incandescentv electric lamp bulbs, fromwhich air is tobe exhausted.

At the lower end of the suction tube B, and

between two seats d,'d, is formed a chamber b, in which is"placedloosely, a suitable ball valve D, which in moving upward closes the tubeat the opening formed at the seat d, and

when moved downward rests on the seat d',

which being formed of lateral prongs or projections, allows downwardescape of a fluid from the valve chamber b, past the valve and to ortoward the main barrel A, of the pump.

(At the bottom of the barrel A, rises an interior projection or core E,which provides an annular space e, around it within the barrel, and apiston F, which is iitted to the wall of the barrel has a pendent ringor collar portion f, which has less diameter than the bore of the pumpbarrel, and is adapted to enter the barrel space e, but it is too smallto fill said space from which it dislodges mercury or other fluidthrough the passage a, and into I the valve chamber b, and tube B, onthe downward stroke of the piston. At the junction of the collar f, withthe main body of the piston F, a number oflateral passages g, areformed, and at the top of the piston is fitted a suitable valve G, whichopens upward thereby establishing communication through the passages g,and past the open valve G, for both air exhausted from the receiver C,and a portion of the mercury H, which is charged into the barrel A,below and above the piston. Y

. Any suitable means may be used to reciprecate the piston or plungerwithin the pump, such as a rod connecting the piston with a leverfulcrumed to the pump barrel. I show a chain connection i, between thepiston and a lever I, having a grooved segmental head which guides thechain as the piston is raised by the lever and falls by gravity. Thislever connection to the piston is shown only in Fig. 1, of the drawings.

The quantity of mercury or other suitable luid H, charged into the pumpis such that after allowing for so muchof it as may pass or leak throughat the jointl of the piston with the pump barrel, the level of themercury below the piston will`not, on the full upstroke of the latter,entirely lill or close the passage a, between the barrel A, and suction-IOO * space between the open stroke of the piston F, j', and while themercury Il, above it prevents admission of atmospheric air through or atthe joint between the piston and the barrel A, some of the air will bedrawn from the receiver C, downward through the tube B, and the openingof the seat d, from which the valve D, falls to the other seat d', whichlatter retains the valve, but allows the air to pass through into theupper part of the passage a, not closed or sealed by the mercury.rlhence the air enters the space e', which is left between the pendentportion f, of the raised piston and the larger interior wall of the pumpbarrel, ready to be forced out upwardly during the downward stroke ofthe piston.- See Fig. l, of the drawings. As the piston begins itsreturn or downward stroke, the entrance of its part f, into the mercurylI, below it will at once raise the level of the mercury, and thus liftthe valve D, to its seat d, in the tube B, and a little of the mercury,during the entire downward stroke of the piston, will or may forceitself past the closed valve D, as shown in Fig. 2, of the drawings. Ator immediately after the commencement of' the downward stroke ofthepiston, the side passage a, is fluid-sealed by the rising mercury, andall the air, which, on the last upward stroke of the piston, had drawnfrom the receiver C, and pipe B, through the passage a, into the spacee', between the piston and barrel, will, as the piston descends inthemercury, be forced upward and outward by the continually rising mercurythrough the piston orifices g, and thence past the valve G, which opensupward to allow escape of the air past it and through the mercury H,above the piston to the atmosphere. At the completion of the downwardstroke of the piston F, f, its pendent part f, in conjunction with themercury Il, will entirely fill the lower annular portion e, ot' the pumpbarrel, and the mercury will also fill, and force the air from thepiston passages g, and from the valve G, and its seat. In fact theentire body of mercury in the pump barrel A, passage a, and valvechamber b, will be continent or in communication, as shown in Fig. 2, ofthe drawings. Hence every particle of the air which had been eX- haustedinto the pump barrel on or by the prior up-stroke of the piston isforced upward and outward through the mercury H, to the atmosphere on orby the following downstroke of the piston. This important feature ofoperation thus entirely avoids waste room or clearance space in the pumpbarrel or piston for what may be termed residual air, and no part of theair which has already been exhausted from the receiver on the Lip-strokeof the piston can lurk or conceal itself in the barrel and afterwardre-enter the side tube B, and the receiver C, in the interval betweenthe complete upward and downward strokes of the piston. During theupward stroke, the piston valve G, will close and the suction valve D,will open, and by subsidence of the mercury communication will again beestablished through the passage a, between the receiver C, and tube B,to allow exhaust of air from the receiver to the pump barrel; the partsthen being in the first described positions shown in Fig. l, of thedrawings, and ready for the next downward stroke of the piston to expelsuch exhausted air from the pump. Repeated reciprocations of the piston.

will produce any required vacuum in the receiver C, or other vessel orbulb opening to the exhaust tube B. Any mercury Il, which may leakdownward from above the pistou F, at its periphery at the closed valveG, during the upward stroke of the piston will be returned above thepiston on its downward stroke.

ln the modified form of pump shown in Figs. 5 and 6 of the drawings, themain body or head F, of the piston, instead of having a fixed pendentring or plunger portionj, shown in the preceding views, has a plungerportion F', hung to it by flexible chains or connectionsf. The plunger'F', is somewhat smaller than the interior wall or bore of the pumpbarrel to give passage of air and of fluid ll, between the side openinga, and the piston opening controlled by the valve G. The operation ofthis modified pump is substantially the same as that of the pump shownin Figs. l and 2, of the drawings, except that the chains allow thepiston head F, to approach the fluid displacing pluuger, as shown inFig. t3, of the drawings, and thereby permit the pump to be madesomewhat shorter for a given capacity than the pump first abovedescribed.

In the modification show in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, of the drawings, thesuction tube or pipe B', which carries the receiver C, is fixed to andpenetrates the pistou F2, which is fitted with an upwardly openingvalveG; and the tube, which reciprocates with the piston, has at itslower end a valve chamber b, containing a ball valve D, and having seatscl, d', with which the valve operates in the same manner as hereinbeforedescribed. Vtith this construction the level of mercury or fluid Il, inthe barrel A, remains nearly the same during the reciprocations of thecup-shaped piston F2, and attached exhaust pipe B', and the airexhausted from the receiver and pipe B', into the barrel A, when thetip-stroke of the piston is completed, is discharged from the pump pastthe open valve G, and through the mercury above the piston on thedownward stroke of the latter.

Fig. l0, of the drawings shows how a springclosed valve G, may be usedat the head of the piston, instead of the plug valve G, shown in Figs.l, 2, 5, G, 7, and 8, of the drawings. Fig. l0, also illustrates how thesuction tube B, which carries a ball valve in a chamber at or near itslower end, may be fitted adjustably in the piston by a screw collar orbushing b', which allows the lower valve carrying end of the tube to benicely adjusted relatively to the level of the mercury, oil or other ICOIIO

fluid at the bottom of the cylinder. Apertures f2, in the piston wallgive confluence to mercury or huid above the piston and that which maypass through at the joint of the cylinder and piston.' The valves usedmay be made of iron, ivory or any other suitable material.

In all the constructions above described, the operation ofthe piston inthe duid-charged pump barrel prevents waste room or clearance, andconsequently all the air exhausted into the barrel on the upward strokeofl the piston is discharged on its downward stroke, and return to thereceiver-of air once exhausted from it into the barrel is prevented.Hence the pump will always act effectively and economy of motive powerused to operate it is assured.

1. An air pump consisting of a barrel, a suci tion tube communicatingtherewith and provided with an inwardly opening valve; a liquid in saidbarrel; and a bell-shaped pump piston having an externally opening valveand provided with lateral passages and arranged to communicate Vto thesaid liquid a reciprocatory'movement, substantially as described.

2. An air pump consisting of a barrel having a re-entrant base formingan annular passage; a suction tube; an inverted bell-shaped pistonadapted to iit loosely over the re=en trant base, and having its upperportion arranged to fit the pump barrel sn ugly, and provided with anoutwardly opening valve; and lateral passages in the sides of the pistonand aording means of communication between the suction tube andthepiston valve whereby, in the descent of the piston, the air includedbetween the narrowed portions thereof and the pump barrel may be forcedupwardly and outwardly through the piston valve, substantially asdescribed.

3. An air pump consisting of a barrel having a partial filling ofsuitable liquid; and a reciprocating valved piston, provided with asuction tube having an apertured chamber therein, a iioat/valvecontrolling the openings in said chamber and means for connection withthe cavity to be exhausted, substantially as described.

4. An air pump consisting of a barrel having a partial filling ofsuitable liquid; and a reciprocating valved piston, provided with anadjustable suction tube having a suitable Yvalve and means forconnection with the cavity to be exhausted, substantially as devscribed.

5. An air pump consisting of a barrel; a suctiontube therefor havingconnections with a cavity to be exhausted; a liquid in said barrel; andabell-shaped pump piston having an externally opening valve, andprovided with lateral openings, whereby the level of the liquid may bemechanically shifted to exhaust the air from said cavity, substantiallyas described.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my sigl nature in the presence oftwo witnesses;

ADOLF HELLER.

Witnesses:

GUsTAv STENZEL, MAX WAGNER.

